What is the internal structure of an NFC tag ?

All NFC tags contain three main elements : an NFC chip, an antenna and then something to hold it together. The fourth element can be a housing or cover to protect it.

1. Chip (Microchip / IC):
The NFC chip or Integrated Circuit (IC) is the brain of the NFC tag. It stores the data (like a URL, contact info, or other commands) and manages the communication with the NFC reader.

It contains:

Memory: Stores data, which can be read, written, or in some cases, locked.
Processor: Handles the communication between the chip and the reader, ensuring proper data transfer.
Security features: In some tags, the chip may have encryption or password protection to secure the data.

2. Antenna:
The antenna is a coiled wire embedded in the tag, typically made from copper or aluminum. The antenna allows the NFC tag to communicate wirelessly with NFC-enabled devices (like smartphones or NFC readers) by generating a magnetic field. The antenna is responsible for receiving power from the NFC reader (via electromagnetic induction) and sending data back.

3. Substrate:
The substrate is the material that holds the chip and antenna in place. It is often made of plastic, paper, or another flexible material.

4. Housing/Casing:
The encapsulation, housing or casing is the outer protective layer that shields the NFC tag’s internal components from physical damage, moisture, or chemicals. This is especially important in tags that are exposed to harsh environments. In many cases, this is a plastic such as PVC, Nylon or PPS.
Seritag - 28 Nov 2024